What Justice Means to Me - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 753 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category Politics Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Bible Essay Corruption Essay Did you like this example? What Justice Means to Me Justice can mean something different to many people, but justice to me is doing my part to make sure that everyone is treated equally. In addition, justice is making sure that the right punishment is brought forth to the correct crime, and with any luck when a major crime is committed, then that the offender does not acquire liberty on a technicality. In today’s society people are afraid of the criminal justice system. Depending on the situation and how the news broadcast the crime and punishment, people wonder does the system work. According to the Merriam Webster to have justice everyone should be treated equal and fair. Justice is not racist . Race, gender, income bracket, and religion should not matter. Everyone under the law has the same rights; as a result that everyone abides by the laws that are set. People working in a criminal justice field are the most important people; they need to keep in mind to follow all the rules and regu lations of justice. The law is their Bible per say. Preserving justice is very important and will help others to see that justice if followed to the letter and will continue to be a huge part of society. In America the legal system is a major partner of justice. The courtroom, the lawyers, judges, bailiffs, anyone working in the court building are all part of the justice system. Although the judges are the highest ranking officer of the courts, they alone do not decide on the decision on their own, they incorporate the jurors. The federal level also is part of the justice system. The Federal Bureau of Investigations or the (FBI) also provides justice to the commercial market against corruption. They also help the regular people against terrorism. When I work for the criminal justice system, I will make sure to hold people accountable. Keeping everyone truthful and biased free, making sure no one person’s rights are violated when he (she) are arrested, and keeping in min d that everyone is innocent until proven otherwise. Without justice innocent people would probably be locked up and key thrown away. That is why justice and due process is very important. In conjunction justice and due process will help those without means (poor people) to get help keeping them from self incrimination. All people poor, rich, black or white have the right to have a jury try their case. The right to life, liberty, and the right to pursue happiness is also a big part of justice. Not one person has the right to take away a person life, liberty, and to take anyone’s happiness away for any reason. Although, when a crime is committed the justice system has options to send the offender to jail or to have a jury view the case. Here justice comes in and due process takes over. It is very important that every person who goes into the criminal justice field get acquainted with the justice term and the laws that protect every person. They should also take an ethics class, to make sure that they do not discriminate against anyone. In addition, professionals need to continue to preserve Justice for all people, equality for all under the law does not matter whether he (she) are rich, poor, black or white, does not matter what religion he (she) practice. Justice is an in general equal rights process to both the criminal and the non-criminal. The laws are there to protect both parties, and to allow the due process to work. The unfortunate part is that because the laws are put into place, sometimes the wording in the laws helps the criminals get away from serving any type of justice that should have been brought against them. In conclusion justice is the quality of work a professional does when working in the field being just and fair. Justice is the judgment involved in the determination of rights and the assignment of rewards and punishment one will get. In the court system the judge is a public official authorized to decide questions brought b efore a court of justice (net bible, 1913). In addition, in the Department of Justice(the free dictionary,1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003), the Unites States Federal department is responsible for enforcing federal laws including the responsibility for enforcing the civil rights legislation that was created in 1870. References Net Bible. (1913). word study. Retrieved from https://net. bible. org/lexicon. php? word=justice The free dictionary. (1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003). Justice. Retrieved from https://dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/justice Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Justice Means to Me" essay for you Create order

Business Industry An Alternative Source For Finance Funding

Crowdfunding Industry in Business: An Alternative Source for Finance Funding Providing a Unique Opportunity to Make Money Executive Summary For many years, startups and small businesses had a difficult time in raising equity and debt in order to grow and expand. Furthermore, under the laws, ordinary investors, such as friends, family, peers, and strangers are restricted to invest. Today, with a stagnant economy, many startups and businesses are struggling more than ever just to survive. With the passing of the Jumpstart Our Business (JOBS) Act of April 2012 and advanced technology, crowdfunding has taken a whole new level in helping startups and small businesses. Instead of using the traditional banking industry, crowdfunding offer†¦show more content†¦Moreover, the strengths (advantages) and weaknesses (problems) of crowdfunding will be presented along with how different types and platforms of crowd funding can be utilized safely. Based on the findings in this report, it is recommended that startups and small businesses apply the following strategies when using crowdfunding platforms. Startups and businesses should choose the appropriate models of crowdfunding for the right purpose according to their need and select the right crowdfunding industry to reach out to the particular audience. By doing this, their campaign will be efficiently and effortlessly successful in receiving funding. Introduction The world of crowdfunding industry is fast-moving and ever-evolving. In 2011, before JOBS Act, crowdfunding was growing to an estimated 452 platforms worldwide (Wasik, 2012, p. 144). By 2014, according to Massolution, there are 1,250 active crowdfunding platforms worldwide (Marketwired, 2015). Crowdfunding industry has raised billions of dollars for businesses and other fundraising projects and will continue in the future. According to the research firm Massolution 2015CF annual Crowdfunding Industry Report, released on Crowsourcing.org, global crowdfunding has grown every year since 2011. In 2012, crowdfunding raised $2.7 billion in 2012, an 81% increase from 2011. Still growing, crowdfunding raised $16.2

Baseball Essay Research Paper How Baseball has free essay sample

Baseball Essay, Research Paper How Baseball has Changed and Influenced America in the past 100 Old ages Compared to Today Baseball is uninterrupted, like no other American tradition, an eternal game of perennial summers, which brought together all coevalss of male parents and boies. Baseball has survived The Great Depression, World War I, and World War II. The game has stood tall and proud though the toughest seeking times in history, and this is why baseball will ever be an of import topographic point in American civilization. Baseball used to be made up of one division until in 1901 when it dropped its 12 squads down to eight, and started the American League. Through the first decennary of the 20th century, baseball remained a game of scheme. The alleged dead ball provided few homeruns. The game relied on the contact batters, bunting, and base larceny for its discourtesy. Then in 1911 the cork centre baseball changed the game dramatically. All sorts of records started to fall because the ball could be hit further and harder than of all time before and the popularity of the game started to turn. Then once more in 1914 another rival conference started to organize. This League was called the Federal League, which merely lasted two seasons due to the deficiency of presence on the field. They took the American and National League to tribunal on premises of them both representing a monopoly. The Federal League lost the allegations because the Supreme Court ruled that baseball was exempt from anti-trust statute law, which means they allowed their monopoly. The mid-twentiess were a great clip for Baseball because this is when George Ruth arose from being a hurler for the Red Sox s to go legendary batter for the Northerners. Ruth revolutionized the game with his art as a homerun batter, which all the fans would come from everyplace to watch him hit. Ruth besides ushered in an epoch of economic prosperity for the game of Baseball and its proprietors. Then, came World War II, which caused a big per centum of baseball players to come in the armed forces. This caused a really hard clip for baseball during this period. Since Baseball has ever been segregated during this clip it opened up a new epoch for African-Americans to play. Among one of the first to of all time play was Jackie Robinson in 1947 for the Brooklyn Dodgers. Baseball merely didn t Lashkar-e-Taiba 100s of African-Americans drama but it merely allowed small by small to play due to the deficit of white baseball players overseas. To demo how long it took for Baseball to really na me itself incorporate wasn T until the early 1960ss. Yet once more in 1960 another rival conference tried to do it into Baseball. The Continental League wanted to get down its ain League in the South and West because all the other Leagues were concentrated in the nor-east. The Continental League neer had a opportunity to do it to seek a win in tribunal to fall in the Leagues because it went bankrupt in the first season. T he Continental League wasn T at all a failure because the American and National League were faced with a possibility of losing their monopoly, so they reached a via media of spread outing the League from 16 squads to 24 squads. The participants liked this because it meant more occupations. Baseball prospered economically as attending continued to turn and national telecasting and wireless contracts brought in immense sums of money. But, what the participants eventually realized was that the proprietors were the 1s doing all the money and non them. The participants had a brotherhood but they neer truly used it an they all decided to set it to work to do more money for themselves. They hired a cat named Marvin Miller who had fought for the United Steelworkers brotherhood for old ages to assist them out. He knew there was more prosperity for the participants to derive because the minimal wage for a ball participant was $ 6,000 merely a thousand more than in 1947. After he started to roll up all this data the participants went to the commissioners and had there first bargaining understanding in 1968. This understanding opened up participants to let to dicker their contracts alternatively of the proprietors puting merely one monetary value and that s it. The proprietors hat ed this because it took more money out of their pockets to pay for the participant s wages. One of the first instances of a participant keeping out was Curt Flood in 1969. He played center field for the Cardinals and refused to describe to developing cantonment unless they gave up a $ 5,000 rise. They eventually gave in and gave him his rise but they traded him to the Phillies right after the season was over. Flood did non desire to go forth because he lived in the community and filed a suit against the Commissioner. Flood argued that the Reserve Clause was illegal and he should be allowed to negociate freely with other squads. The Reserve Clause granted squads the rights to one-sidedly regenerate a participant s contract forestalling him from entertaining other offers. He argued this in the Supreme Court but he lost and it made other participants think about their contracts. Two other participants in 1975 challenged the modesty clause that said the squads had the right to regenerat e a participant s contract for one twelvemonth. They are the 1s who got free bureau born because if the contract merely bounded you to a squad for one twelvemonth and non the following well you re on your ain and the proprietor has no control over you. Players loved this because this caused their wage to lift and for more than one twelvemonth because proprietors were outbidding for them and wanted to procure them for longer periods of times so they won Ts have to pay more money for them following twelvemonth if they get better. This made the proprietors mad one time once more and they wanted something in return since they put all this money into a participant and now their merely losing them. The participants argued that this would badly restrict their freedom. The proprietors and participants couldn t agree so in the center of the 1981 season the participants walked out. 318

Discipline and Management free essay sample

Different Yet Related Discipline, management, behavior, and misbehavior are concerns that every educator will encounter once the educator require his or her first classroom. As these terms are relatively interrelated, describing them separately in a word picture will be challenging. Envision a math classroom, two weeks after the school year begun. Within this time, the classroom rules, and expectations of students are well established; every student has received an agenda as well as a syllabus, detailing daily take home and in-class assignments that need to be completed for the semester. Students know that he or she is supposed to come into the class and get him or her notebooks, which were turned in from the previous day, and continue their next assignment when entering into the classroom. This process is part of the classroom management; students know the task at hand when he or she enters the classroom. The students who begin to do their assignment as expected are illustrating good behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Discipline and Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Those students who tend to talk among themselves and entertain each other without doing him or her assignment tends to demonstrate misbehave. As a result, based on the rules of the classroom and expectation of the student, which was introduced on the first day of class, disciplinary action should be taken against those students who exhibited this type of misbehavior. Although these four terms are extraneous by far, they are related, and do share similarities and differences. Classroom discipline and management are two different concepts. Classroom discipline pertains to teacher’s management of student’s behavior, whereas classroom management involves the operation and procedures to make the classroom function efficiently. Behavior management is a set of collaborations employed to assist teachers to encourage the students’ conduct and teach him or her to behave positive. Oliver, Wehby, Reschly, and Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness (2011) define classroom discipline as prevention and reduction of inappropriate behavior. They go on to say that it is also a collection of classroom guidelines put into operation by teachers with every student for supporting voluntary behavior intended to benefit others. According to Kratochwill (2012) states for nearly 40 years, classroom management, often called classroom discipline, has been a noteworthy concern for teachers. Although Kratochwill tried to lump classroom management and discipline together in an unlikely manner, they are similar in planning. Behavior and misbehavior are dissimilar notions. Behavior refers to the totality of what people do (Charles, 2008), which is positive, whereas misbehavior is an unsuitable act of behavior, which is negative. For example, when a student is following the classroom policies and procedures, come to class and do what is expected of he or she, the student is exhibiting favorable behavior. In education, educators are concerned only with the behavior that interferes with academic and interpersonal learning. Teacher must have guidelines in place to deal with this misbehavior so that this action does not interfere with learning. According to Charles (2008) misbehavior in education occurs when teachers or students actions disrupt teaching and interfere with learning, and demean others. Aves (2010) suggest discipline management require regulating behavior and misbehavior to accomplish and maintain a relaxed environment. Understanding the similarities between behavior and misbehavior helps enable successful discipline. Classroom management, discipline management, behavior, and misbehavior are four terms that every teacher will hear simultaneously. The above-mentioned terms relate to each other in an extrinsic way. These terms cannot function without the others. Canter (2006) states teachers who master adequately, efficient, and effective skills of controlling his or her classroom can raise the achievement of his or her students by 20 percentile points. He goes on to explain that the key to raising student achievement is the teacher’s ability to manage effectively student behavior (as cited in Wright, Horn, Sanders, 1997; Wang, Haertel, Walberg, 1993). These concepts cannot exist without the other in education. Effective classroom management determines the behavior of the students. Not all students will behave appropriately. Misbehavior has consequences, and teacher will need to implement his or her disciplinary action that was established at the beginning of the school year.

History Essays (2586 words) - Slavery In The United States

History Pre-Civil War New Orleans New Orleans is a city in southern Louisiana, located on the Mississippi River. Most of the city is situated on the east bank, between the river and Lake Pontchartrain to the north. Because it was built on a great turn of the river, it is known as the Crescent City. New Orleans, with a population of 496,938 (1990 census), is the largest city in Louisiana and one of the principal cities of the South. It was established on the high ground nearest the mouth of the Mississippi, which is 177 km (110 mi) downstream. Elevations range from 3.65 m (12 ft) above sea level to 2 m (6.5 ft) below; as a result, an ingenious system of water pumps, drainage canals, and levees has been built to protect the city from flooding. New Orleans was founded in 1718 by Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, sieur de Bienville, and named for the regent of France, Philippe II, duc d'Orleans. It remained a French colony until 1763, when it was transferred to the Spanish. In 1800, Spain ceded it back to France; in 1803, New Orleans, along with the entire Louisiana Purchase, was sold by Napoleon I to the United States. It was the site of the Battle of New Orleans (1815) in the War of 1812. During the Civil War the city was besieged by Union ships under Adm. David Farragut; it fell on Apr. 25, 1862. And that's what it say's in the books, a bit more, but nothing else of interest. This is too bad, New Orleans , as a city, has a wide and diverse history that reads as if it were a utopian society built to survive the troubles of the future. New Orleans is a place where Africans, Indians and European settlers shared their cultures and intermingled. Encouraged by the French government, this strategy for producing a durable culture in a difficult place marked New Orleans as different and special from its inception and continues to distinguish the city today. Like the early American settlements along Massachusetts Bay and Chesapeake Bay, New Orleans served as a distinctive cultural gateway to North America, where peoples from Europe and Africa initially intertwined their lives and customs with those of the native inhabitants of the New World. The resulting way of life differed dramatically from the culture than was spawned in the English colonies of North America. New Orleans Creole population (those with ancestry rooted in the city's colonial era) ensured not only that English was not the prevailing language but also that Protestantism was scorned, public education unheralded, and democratic government untried. Isolation helped to nourish the differences. From its founding in 1718 until the early nineteenth century, New Orleans remained far removed from the patterns of living in early Massachusetts or Virginia. Established a century after those seminal Anglo- Saxon places, it remained for the next hundred years an outpost for the French and Spanish until Napoleon sold it to the United States with the rest of the Louisiana purchase in 1803. Even though steamboats and sailing ships connected French Louisiana to the rest of the country, New Orleans guarded its own way of life. True, it became Dixie's chief cotton and slave market, but it always remained a strange place in the American South. American newcomers from the South as well as the North recoiled when they encountered the prevailing French language of the city, its dominant Catholicism, its bawdy sensual delights, or its proud free black and slave inhabitants; In short, its deeply rooted Creole population and their peculiar traditions. Rapid influxes of non-southern population compounded the peculiarity of its Creole past. Until the mid-nineteenth century, a greater number of migrants arrived in the boomtown from northern states such as New York and Pennsylvania than from the Old South. And to complicate its social makeup further, more foreign immigrants than Americans came to take up residence in the city almost to the beginning of the twentieth century. The largest waves of immigrants came from Ireland and Germany. In certain neighborhoods, their descendants' dialects would make visitors feel like they were back in Brooklyn or Chicago. From 1820 to 1870, the Irish and Germans made New Orleans one of the main immigration ports in the nation, second only to New York, but ahead of Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. New Orleans also was the first city in America to host a significant settlement of Italians, Greeks, Croatians, and Filipinos. THE AFRICANS: African

Essay on Sports Management

Essay on Sports Management Essay on Sports Management Example essay on Sports Management: Gymnastics is a sporting event that does involve various performances that require a lot of physical strength, agility, coordination, balance and flexibility. There are various forms of gymnastics and these include the following; artistic gymnastics which is the best known form of gymnastics and is practiced by both men and women. It is divided into both the men’s categories that involve activities such as floor exercise, sill rings, vault, parallel bars, high bar, pommel horse and the vault and the women’s categories involve competition in vault, balance beam and uneven bars although women have been known to adequately compete in all the men’s categories in countries such as Russia early in the 1950’s. Another type of gymnastic is the rhythmic gymnastic which is mainly for women and does involve a combination of various elements such as ballet, dance, gymnastics and even apparatus manipulation. The performers are usually allowed the use of five apparatus of their choice and these apparatus may constitute a ball, hoop, clubs, rope and even the floor. It is currently not available for women but plans are underway to ensure that even men will have their own form of artistic gymnastics. Acrobatic gymnastics on the other hand is a discipline that is carried out by both men and women and it involves a group of three to four individuals that may be mixed in terms of gender performing various routines using their head, feet and even the hands of their various partners. Other forms of gymnastics include the tramp lining and tumbling that may be individualistic, double mini, power tumbling and even synchronized. There are also the team, aerobics and display gymnastics that actually mean exactly what the name spells. Gymnastics has its origins in the exercises that were performed by the ancient Greeks that entailed skills such as mounting and dismounting a horse, circuses and even ski ll display. As of today gymnastics can be performed by children as young as five years old who mainly participate in what is called kinder gym to even world class athletes. All sports of gymnastics have a body that governs them and this body is called the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG) which was formed in 1881. All the other sub bodies that govern gymnastic practices in various countries are governed by the FIG. The competition for which I have been selected for involves rhythmic gymnastic that is to take place on the 18th of December 2011 and it is called the Annual Illinois Gymnastic Challenge. This will be a competition for young athletes who are of the age bracket of fifteen to twenty that is to take place in the Illinois auditorium from around 8.00am to 6.00pm. There will be five schools that have confirmed their teams’ participation in this event. The other three have not submitted their confirmation just yet and the possibilities of them confirming their attendance and participation is not known. This means that there will be about twenty five ladies participating in the tournament as each team is expected to have at least 4 team members and substitutes. The major reason for my interest in this opportunity is because first and foremost gymnastics is a very rare sport and apart from a need to learn more about the sport and be able to attend to any casualty that may occur during the tournament; I would also love to have make sure that the participants in this event have assured healthcare provision during the whole event. Secondly; this is my chance to display my skill, ability and prowess and this opportunity has presented itself and the reason why I have been selected is because they believe that I am able and suitable for the job and thus I will not let it pass. It is a huge opportunity that will go a very long way in defining my career as this is a very major sporting event and I decide to take it up. According to statistics, at least 100 000 gymnastic injuries are normally treated in hospitals, clinics, healthcare facilities and emergency rooms in the United States of America. In do not want any major injuries to occur in this event that would lead to constitute this statistics and that is the reason why I decided to take up the chance to be able to help whenever I can. My team will ensure that by all means all the casualties that will occur will be ad dressed immediately. Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport that has been coherent in Illinois for about 3 years and thus it is not new to them. Most of the population here has a lot of knowledge about the sport and they allow their children to indulge in it as a hobby as well as for professional reasons. The number of ladies that participate in this sport each year is about fifty. Different age groups from five years normally compete in various gymnastic events at different times of the year. There have been occasional casualties reported over the year, with the most serious being in the year 2009 when of the lady participants lost balance during her acrobatic performance and fell on the ground and broke her ankle. Apart from this major injury; the rest have just been minor such as a twisted ankle, an injured arm, a bruise and a cut here and there. These are very minor casualties that have always been treated and there has never been a need to rush any participant to the hospital. Most of the schools that have their teams participating in this competition have very professional coaches who have trained in rhythmic gymnastics over the years and they have trained their team members very well on the safety measures that should be taken before and after the vent. Secondly, this auditorium has been used over the last three years that this sport has been held here. But we did not just assume that since it has always been used; it is safe. Safety measures have been put into place to ensure that all the participants are safe before, during and even after the tournament. All the equipments have been duly inspected and so far we have ensured that they are all safe and none at all is a health hazard. Replacement of the old equipments may have cost us more than we had anticipated spending in this event but it is all aimed at the benefit of all. We do not want to report any injuries and thus we have to take very tight health measures and also be on stand by just incase our help will be needed. The schools that have their teams participating in the tournament have ensured that they have renewed their health cover insurance with the various hospitals for each and every participant. This basically means that in case of a very major casualty that we really don’t anticipate does happen, all the cost at the hospital will be covered by the insurance parties in business with the school. My team will consist of six members. They are four gentlemen and two ladies. The reason why I chose four men is because I will definitely need the muscle power incase of any emergency. I think all of them will be on call because I will really need them. We will get our equipment and supplies from the Illinois Community Hospital which is about 100 meters from the auditorium. The reason why we chose this hospital is because it is very close to the auditorium and secondly it is where we contracted to take any of our emergency cases. The other necessities we will get from the various chemists and pharmacies nearby. After considering all the equipments, supplies and even the labor cost that would be used in the whole project; our approximate budget was 190 000 US Dollars. This is because each of my team members expects to take home an amount of US Dollars 20, 000. For all the equipments, supplies, casual laborers will be about US Dollars 40, 000 and then I would pay myself an amount of US Dollars 30, 000. The reason why I have stated such a large amount for my team members and It is because this may just be a single day’s work but it is going to be very demanding, tiring and consuming and after a long tiring day’s work, we will need a reward. So we practically have about one and a half weeks to put everything in order, ensure that all my team members will be available and fit for the job and basically to put my house in order. I am very positive that by the end of this week everything will have been put into place as we have done already dealt with the huger problems and challenges. The rest are just minor that we can cover within days considering I have very efficient and reliable team players. My dream is to make this event a great success and my gut tells me that I will achieve that. Feel free to purchase essay on Sports topics at professional custom essay writing service. 24/7 support. Highly qualified academic writers.

Public Relations Crisis Management Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Public Relations Crisis Management Plan - Essay Example These calls for the need to ensure better inter organizational communication. Advancements in technology and the role of media have also assumed to be of significant importance to business organizations. The immense reach, popularity and the influence of media in shaping public opinion has augured the need for having a dedicated public relations department that seeks to leverage the media to shape a positive opinion and image of the firm in the minds of the customers. The role of the public relations department also assumes significance in areas of crisis management in organizations as they largely tend to act as medium of communication between the organization and the external world. SWOT Strengths The main strengths of the company include a strong brand image of the organization and a product portfolio that has an evergreen demand in the market. The company’s presence in a market like Australia also adds to its bouquet of strengths. Certain other strengths include a talented and motivated employee base along with sound financial strength of the organization. Weakness The major weakness arises in the aspect of the rising cost of fuel and raw materials and it’s over dependence on external suppliers for raw materials. Opportunities The rising disposable income and demand for products such as cars largely influence growth of prospects for Hypothetica oils. The surge in demand witnessed over the last few years with an optimistic future largely emerges as an area of opportunity. Opportunities also exist in the form of new markets like China that have high potential. Threats The threats to the company arise mainly from the high extent of competition in the Australian market. Presence of large number of competitors in the market leads to a situation where market share and profit margins have reduced significantly thus generating considerable threats for the organization’s profitability and sustainability. Target Publics Primary Publics The first step towards shaping a public relations strategy involves selecting the public’s to be targeted. Publics constitute a collection of a number of individuals that have a set of similar interests and value proposition with regards to a particular scenario (Millar & Heath, 2004, p.42). Primary publics constitute the individuals that a firm tries to generate influence. This largely consists of individuals whose thoughts largely help in ensuring profitability and sustainability for the business. In the case of Hypothetica oil the primary publics would consist of the customers of the organization and the common people at large who form a part of the social network of the company. This would also include the employees of the organization as it is largely important to have a positive image of the organization in the minds of the employees as it largely helps in inducing motivation which is very critical to the success and sustainability of an organization. Secondary Publics Secondary publics include members of target audience that have the