What Justice Means to Me - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 753 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category Politics Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Bible Essay Corruption Essay Did you like this example? What Justice Means to Me Justice can mean something different to many people, but justice to me is doing my part to make sure that everyone is treated equally. In addition, justice is making sure that the right punishment is brought forth to the correct crime, and with any luck when a major crime is committed, then that the offender does not acquire liberty on a technicality. In today’s society people are afraid of the criminal justice system. Depending on the situation and how the news broadcast the crime and punishment, people wonder does the system work. According to the Merriam Webster to have justice everyone should be treated equal and fair. Justice is not racist . Race, gender, income bracket, and religion should not matter. Everyone under the law has the same rights; as a result that everyone abides by the laws that are set. People working in a criminal justice field are the most important people; they need to keep in mind to follow all the rules and regu lations of justice. The law is their Bible per say. Preserving justice is very important and will help others to see that justice if followed to the letter and will continue to be a huge part of society. In America the legal system is a major partner of justice. The courtroom, the lawyers, judges, bailiffs, anyone working in the court building are all part of the justice system. Although the judges are the highest ranking officer of the courts, they alone do not decide on the decision on their own, they incorporate the jurors. The federal level also is part of the justice system. The Federal Bureau of Investigations or the (FBI) also provides justice to the commercial market against corruption. They also help the regular people against terrorism. When I work for the criminal justice system, I will make sure to hold people accountable. Keeping everyone truthful and biased free, making sure no one person’s rights are violated when he (she) are arrested, and keeping in min d that everyone is innocent until proven otherwise. Without justice innocent people would probably be locked up and key thrown away. That is why justice and due process is very important. In conjunction justice and due process will help those without means (poor people) to get help keeping them from self incrimination. All people poor, rich, black or white have the right to have a jury try their case. The right to life, liberty, and the right to pursue happiness is also a big part of justice. Not one person has the right to take away a person life, liberty, and to take anyone’s happiness away for any reason. Although, when a crime is committed the justice system has options to send the offender to jail or to have a jury view the case. Here justice comes in and due process takes over. It is very important that every person who goes into the criminal justice field get acquainted with the justice term and the laws that protect every person. They should also take an ethics class, to make sure that they do not discriminate against anyone. In addition, professionals need to continue to preserve Justice for all people, equality for all under the law does not matter whether he (she) are rich, poor, black or white, does not matter what religion he (she) practice. Justice is an in general equal rights process to both the criminal and the non-criminal. The laws are there to protect both parties, and to allow the due process to work. The unfortunate part is that because the laws are put into place, sometimes the wording in the laws helps the criminals get away from serving any type of justice that should have been brought against them. In conclusion justice is the quality of work a professional does when working in the field being just and fair. Justice is the judgment involved in the determination of rights and the assignment of rewards and punishment one will get. In the court system the judge is a public official authorized to decide questions brought b efore a court of justice (net bible, 1913). In addition, in the Department of Justice(the free dictionary,1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003), the Unites States Federal department is responsible for enforcing federal laws including the responsibility for enforcing the civil rights legislation that was created in 1870. References Net Bible. (1913). word study. Retrieved from https://net. bible. org/lexicon. php? word=justice The free dictionary. (1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003). Justice. Retrieved from https://dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/justice Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Justice Means to Me" essay for you Create order

Business Industry An Alternative Source For Finance Funding

Crowdfunding Industry in Business: An Alternative Source for Finance Funding Providing a Unique Opportunity to Make Money Executive Summary For many years, startups and small businesses had a difficult time in raising equity and debt in order to grow and expand. Furthermore, under the laws, ordinary investors, such as friends, family, peers, and strangers are restricted to invest. Today, with a stagnant economy, many startups and businesses are struggling more than ever just to survive. With the passing of the Jumpstart Our Business (JOBS) Act of April 2012 and advanced technology, crowdfunding has taken a whole new level in helping startups and small businesses. Instead of using the traditional banking industry, crowdfunding offer†¦show more content†¦Moreover, the strengths (advantages) and weaknesses (problems) of crowdfunding will be presented along with how different types and platforms of crowd funding can be utilized safely. Based on the findings in this report, it is recommended that startups and small businesses apply the following strategies when using crowdfunding platforms. Startups and businesses should choose the appropriate models of crowdfunding for the right purpose according to their need and select the right crowdfunding industry to reach out to the particular audience. By doing this, their campaign will be efficiently and effortlessly successful in receiving funding. Introduction The world of crowdfunding industry is fast-moving and ever-evolving. In 2011, before JOBS Act, crowdfunding was growing to an estimated 452 platforms worldwide (Wasik, 2012, p. 144). By 2014, according to Massolution, there are 1,250 active crowdfunding platforms worldwide (Marketwired, 2015). Crowdfunding industry has raised billions of dollars for businesses and other fundraising projects and will continue in the future. According to the research firm Massolution 2015CF annual Crowdfunding Industry Report, released on Crowsourcing.org, global crowdfunding has grown every year since 2011. In 2012, crowdfunding raised $2.7 billion in 2012, an 81% increase from 2011. Still growing, crowdfunding raised $16.2

Baseball Essay Research Paper How Baseball has free essay sample

Baseball Essay, Research Paper How Baseball has Changed and Influenced America in the past 100 Old ages Compared to Today Baseball is uninterrupted, like no other American tradition, an eternal game of perennial summers, which brought together all coevalss of male parents and boies. Baseball has survived The Great Depression, World War I, and World War II. The game has stood tall and proud though the toughest seeking times in history, and this is why baseball will ever be an of import topographic point in American civilization. Baseball used to be made up of one division until in 1901 when it dropped its 12 squads down to eight, and started the American League. Through the first decennary of the 20th century, baseball remained a game of scheme. The alleged dead ball provided few homeruns. The game relied on the contact batters, bunting, and base larceny for its discourtesy. Then in 1911 the cork centre baseball changed the game dramatically. All sorts of records started to fall because the ball could be hit further and harder than of all time before and the popularity of the game started to turn. Then once more in 1914 another rival conference started to organize. This League was called the Federal League, which merely lasted two seasons due to the deficiency of presence on the field. They took the American and National League to tribunal on premises of them both representing a monopoly. The Federal League lost the allegations because the Supreme Court ruled that baseball was exempt from anti-trust statute law, which means they allowed their monopoly. The mid-twentiess were a great clip for Baseball because this is when George Ruth arose from being a hurler for the Red Sox s to go legendary batter for the Northerners. Ruth revolutionized the game with his art as a homerun batter, which all the fans would come from everyplace to watch him hit. Ruth besides ushered in an epoch of economic prosperity for the game of Baseball and its proprietors. Then, came World War II, which caused a big per centum of baseball players to come in the armed forces. This caused a really hard clip for baseball during this period. Since Baseball has ever been segregated during this clip it opened up a new epoch for African-Americans to play. Among one of the first to of all time play was Jackie Robinson in 1947 for the Brooklyn Dodgers. Baseball merely didn t Lashkar-e-Taiba 100s of African-Americans drama but it merely allowed small by small to play due to the deficit of white baseball players overseas. To demo how long it took for Baseball to really na me itself incorporate wasn T until the early 1960ss. Yet once more in 1960 another rival conference tried to do it into Baseball. The Continental League wanted to get down its ain League in the South and West because all the other Leagues were concentrated in the nor-east. The Continental League neer had a opportunity to do it to seek a win in tribunal to fall in the Leagues because it went bankrupt in the first season. T he Continental League wasn T at all a failure because the American and National League were faced with a possibility of losing their monopoly, so they reached a via media of spread outing the League from 16 squads to 24 squads. The participants liked this because it meant more occupations. Baseball prospered economically as attending continued to turn and national telecasting and wireless contracts brought in immense sums of money. But, what the participants eventually realized was that the proprietors were the 1s doing all the money and non them. The participants had a brotherhood but they neer truly used it an they all decided to set it to work to do more money for themselves. They hired a cat named Marvin Miller who had fought for the United Steelworkers brotherhood for old ages to assist them out. He knew there was more prosperity for the participants to derive because the minimal wage for a ball participant was $ 6,000 merely a thousand more than in 1947. After he started to roll up all this data the participants went to the commissioners and had there first bargaining understanding in 1968. This understanding opened up participants to let to dicker their contracts alternatively of the proprietors puting merely one monetary value and that s it. The proprietors hat ed this because it took more money out of their pockets to pay for the participant s wages. One of the first instances of a participant keeping out was Curt Flood in 1969. He played center field for the Cardinals and refused to describe to developing cantonment unless they gave up a $ 5,000 rise. They eventually gave in and gave him his rise but they traded him to the Phillies right after the season was over. Flood did non desire to go forth because he lived in the community and filed a suit against the Commissioner. Flood argued that the Reserve Clause was illegal and he should be allowed to negociate freely with other squads. The Reserve Clause granted squads the rights to one-sidedly regenerate a participant s contract forestalling him from entertaining other offers. He argued this in the Supreme Court but he lost and it made other participants think about their contracts. Two other participants in 1975 challenged the modesty clause that said the squads had the right to regenerat e a participant s contract for one twelvemonth. They are the 1s who got free bureau born because if the contract merely bounded you to a squad for one twelvemonth and non the following well you re on your ain and the proprietor has no control over you. Players loved this because this caused their wage to lift and for more than one twelvemonth because proprietors were outbidding for them and wanted to procure them for longer periods of times so they won Ts have to pay more money for them following twelvemonth if they get better. This made the proprietors mad one time once more and they wanted something in return since they put all this money into a participant and now their merely losing them. The participants argued that this would badly restrict their freedom. The proprietors and participants couldn t agree so in the center of the 1981 season the participants walked out. 318

Discipline and Management free essay sample

Different Yet Related Discipline, management, behavior, and misbehavior are concerns that every educator will encounter once the educator require his or her first classroom. As these terms are relatively interrelated, describing them separately in a word picture will be challenging. Envision a math classroom, two weeks after the school year begun. Within this time, the classroom rules, and expectations of students are well established; every student has received an agenda as well as a syllabus, detailing daily take home and in-class assignments that need to be completed for the semester. Students know that he or she is supposed to come into the class and get him or her notebooks, which were turned in from the previous day, and continue their next assignment when entering into the classroom. This process is part of the classroom management; students know the task at hand when he or she enters the classroom. The students who begin to do their assignment as expected are illustrating good behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Discipline and Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Those students who tend to talk among themselves and entertain each other without doing him or her assignment tends to demonstrate misbehave. As a result, based on the rules of the classroom and expectation of the student, which was introduced on the first day of class, disciplinary action should be taken against those students who exhibited this type of misbehavior. Although these four terms are extraneous by far, they are related, and do share similarities and differences. Classroom discipline and management are two different concepts. Classroom discipline pertains to teacher’s management of student’s behavior, whereas classroom management involves the operation and procedures to make the classroom function efficiently. Behavior management is a set of collaborations employed to assist teachers to encourage the students’ conduct and teach him or her to behave positive. Oliver, Wehby, Reschly, and Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness (2011) define classroom discipline as prevention and reduction of inappropriate behavior. They go on to say that it is also a collection of classroom guidelines put into operation by teachers with every student for supporting voluntary behavior intended to benefit others. According to Kratochwill (2012) states for nearly 40 years, classroom management, often called classroom discipline, has been a noteworthy concern for teachers. Although Kratochwill tried to lump classroom management and discipline together in an unlikely manner, they are similar in planning. Behavior and misbehavior are dissimilar notions. Behavior refers to the totality of what people do (Charles, 2008), which is positive, whereas misbehavior is an unsuitable act of behavior, which is negative. For example, when a student is following the classroom policies and procedures, come to class and do what is expected of he or she, the student is exhibiting favorable behavior. In education, educators are concerned only with the behavior that interferes with academic and interpersonal learning. Teacher must have guidelines in place to deal with this misbehavior so that this action does not interfere with learning. According to Charles (2008) misbehavior in education occurs when teachers or students actions disrupt teaching and interfere with learning, and demean others. Aves (2010) suggest discipline management require regulating behavior and misbehavior to accomplish and maintain a relaxed environment. Understanding the similarities between behavior and misbehavior helps enable successful discipline. Classroom management, discipline management, behavior, and misbehavior are four terms that every teacher will hear simultaneously. The above-mentioned terms relate to each other in an extrinsic way. These terms cannot function without the others. Canter (2006) states teachers who master adequately, efficient, and effective skills of controlling his or her classroom can raise the achievement of his or her students by 20 percentile points. He goes on to explain that the key to raising student achievement is the teacher’s ability to manage effectively student behavior (as cited in Wright, Horn, Sanders, 1997; Wang, Haertel, Walberg, 1993). These concepts cannot exist without the other in education. Effective classroom management determines the behavior of the students. Not all students will behave appropriately. Misbehavior has consequences, and teacher will need to implement his or her disciplinary action that was established at the beginning of the school year.

History Essays (2586 words) - Slavery In The United States

History Pre-Civil War New Orleans New Orleans is a city in southern Louisiana, located on the Mississippi River. Most of the city is situated on the east bank, between the river and Lake Pontchartrain to the north. Because it was built on a great turn of the river, it is known as the Crescent City. New Orleans, with a population of 496,938 (1990 census), is the largest city in Louisiana and one of the principal cities of the South. It was established on the high ground nearest the mouth of the Mississippi, which is 177 km (110 mi) downstream. Elevations range from 3.65 m (12 ft) above sea level to 2 m (6.5 ft) below; as a result, an ingenious system of water pumps, drainage canals, and levees has been built to protect the city from flooding. New Orleans was founded in 1718 by Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, sieur de Bienville, and named for the regent of France, Philippe II, duc d'Orleans. It remained a French colony until 1763, when it was transferred to the Spanish. In 1800, Spain ceded it back to France; in 1803, New Orleans, along with the entire Louisiana Purchase, was sold by Napoleon I to the United States. It was the site of the Battle of New Orleans (1815) in the War of 1812. During the Civil War the city was besieged by Union ships under Adm. David Farragut; it fell on Apr. 25, 1862. And that's what it say's in the books, a bit more, but nothing else of interest. This is too bad, New Orleans , as a city, has a wide and diverse history that reads as if it were a utopian society built to survive the troubles of the future. New Orleans is a place where Africans, Indians and European settlers shared their cultures and intermingled. Encouraged by the French government, this strategy for producing a durable culture in a difficult place marked New Orleans as different and special from its inception and continues to distinguish the city today. Like the early American settlements along Massachusetts Bay and Chesapeake Bay, New Orleans served as a distinctive cultural gateway to North America, where peoples from Europe and Africa initially intertwined their lives and customs with those of the native inhabitants of the New World. The resulting way of life differed dramatically from the culture than was spawned in the English colonies of North America. New Orleans Creole population (those with ancestry rooted in the city's colonial era) ensured not only that English was not the prevailing language but also that Protestantism was scorned, public education unheralded, and democratic government untried. Isolation helped to nourish the differences. From its founding in 1718 until the early nineteenth century, New Orleans remained far removed from the patterns of living in early Massachusetts or Virginia. Established a century after those seminal Anglo- Saxon places, it remained for the next hundred years an outpost for the French and Spanish until Napoleon sold it to the United States with the rest of the Louisiana purchase in 1803. Even though steamboats and sailing ships connected French Louisiana to the rest of the country, New Orleans guarded its own way of life. True, it became Dixie's chief cotton and slave market, but it always remained a strange place in the American South. American newcomers from the South as well as the North recoiled when they encountered the prevailing French language of the city, its dominant Catholicism, its bawdy sensual delights, or its proud free black and slave inhabitants; In short, its deeply rooted Creole population and their peculiar traditions. Rapid influxes of non-southern population compounded the peculiarity of its Creole past. Until the mid-nineteenth century, a greater number of migrants arrived in the boomtown from northern states such as New York and Pennsylvania than from the Old South. And to complicate its social makeup further, more foreign immigrants than Americans came to take up residence in the city almost to the beginning of the twentieth century. The largest waves of immigrants came from Ireland and Germany. In certain neighborhoods, their descendants' dialects would make visitors feel like they were back in Brooklyn or Chicago. From 1820 to 1870, the Irish and Germans made New Orleans one of the main immigration ports in the nation, second only to New York, but ahead of Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. New Orleans also was the first city in America to host a significant settlement of Italians, Greeks, Croatians, and Filipinos. THE AFRICANS: African

Essay on Sports Management

Essay on Sports Management Essay on Sports Management Example essay on Sports Management: Gymnastics is a sporting event that does involve various performances that require a lot of physical strength, agility, coordination, balance and flexibility. There are various forms of gymnastics and these include the following; artistic gymnastics which is the best known form of gymnastics and is practiced by both men and women. It is divided into both the men’s categories that involve activities such as floor exercise, sill rings, vault, parallel bars, high bar, pommel horse and the vault and the women’s categories involve competition in vault, balance beam and uneven bars although women have been known to adequately compete in all the men’s categories in countries such as Russia early in the 1950’s. Another type of gymnastic is the rhythmic gymnastic which is mainly for women and does involve a combination of various elements such as ballet, dance, gymnastics and even apparatus manipulation. The performers are usually allowed the use of five apparatus of their choice and these apparatus may constitute a ball, hoop, clubs, rope and even the floor. It is currently not available for women but plans are underway to ensure that even men will have their own form of artistic gymnastics. Acrobatic gymnastics on the other hand is a discipline that is carried out by both men and women and it involves a group of three to four individuals that may be mixed in terms of gender performing various routines using their head, feet and even the hands of their various partners. Other forms of gymnastics include the tramp lining and tumbling that may be individualistic, double mini, power tumbling and even synchronized. There are also the team, aerobics and display gymnastics that actually mean exactly what the name spells. Gymnastics has its origins in the exercises that were performed by the ancient Greeks that entailed skills such as mounting and dismounting a horse, circuses and even ski ll display. As of today gymnastics can be performed by children as young as five years old who mainly participate in what is called kinder gym to even world class athletes. All sports of gymnastics have a body that governs them and this body is called the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG) which was formed in 1881. All the other sub bodies that govern gymnastic practices in various countries are governed by the FIG. The competition for which I have been selected for involves rhythmic gymnastic that is to take place on the 18th of December 2011 and it is called the Annual Illinois Gymnastic Challenge. This will be a competition for young athletes who are of the age bracket of fifteen to twenty that is to take place in the Illinois auditorium from around 8.00am to 6.00pm. There will be five schools that have confirmed their teams’ participation in this event. The other three have not submitted their confirmation just yet and the possibilities of them confirming their attendance and participation is not known. This means that there will be about twenty five ladies participating in the tournament as each team is expected to have at least 4 team members and substitutes. The major reason for my interest in this opportunity is because first and foremost gymnastics is a very rare sport and apart from a need to learn more about the sport and be able to attend to any casualty that may occur during the tournament; I would also love to have make sure that the participants in this event have assured healthcare provision during the whole event. Secondly; this is my chance to display my skill, ability and prowess and this opportunity has presented itself and the reason why I have been selected is because they believe that I am able and suitable for the job and thus I will not let it pass. It is a huge opportunity that will go a very long way in defining my career as this is a very major sporting event and I decide to take it up. According to statistics, at least 100 000 gymnastic injuries are normally treated in hospitals, clinics, healthcare facilities and emergency rooms in the United States of America. In do not want any major injuries to occur in this event that would lead to constitute this statistics and that is the reason why I decided to take up the chance to be able to help whenever I can. My team will ensure that by all means all the casualties that will occur will be ad dressed immediately. Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport that has been coherent in Illinois for about 3 years and thus it is not new to them. Most of the population here has a lot of knowledge about the sport and they allow their children to indulge in it as a hobby as well as for professional reasons. The number of ladies that participate in this sport each year is about fifty. Different age groups from five years normally compete in various gymnastic events at different times of the year. There have been occasional casualties reported over the year, with the most serious being in the year 2009 when of the lady participants lost balance during her acrobatic performance and fell on the ground and broke her ankle. Apart from this major injury; the rest have just been minor such as a twisted ankle, an injured arm, a bruise and a cut here and there. These are very minor casualties that have always been treated and there has never been a need to rush any participant to the hospital. Most of the schools that have their teams participating in this competition have very professional coaches who have trained in rhythmic gymnastics over the years and they have trained their team members very well on the safety measures that should be taken before and after the vent. Secondly, this auditorium has been used over the last three years that this sport has been held here. But we did not just assume that since it has always been used; it is safe. Safety measures have been put into place to ensure that all the participants are safe before, during and even after the tournament. All the equipments have been duly inspected and so far we have ensured that they are all safe and none at all is a health hazard. Replacement of the old equipments may have cost us more than we had anticipated spending in this event but it is all aimed at the benefit of all. We do not want to report any injuries and thus we have to take very tight health measures and also be on stand by just incase our help will be needed. The schools that have their teams participating in the tournament have ensured that they have renewed their health cover insurance with the various hospitals for each and every participant. This basically means that in case of a very major casualty that we really don’t anticipate does happen, all the cost at the hospital will be covered by the insurance parties in business with the school. My team will consist of six members. They are four gentlemen and two ladies. The reason why I chose four men is because I will definitely need the muscle power incase of any emergency. I think all of them will be on call because I will really need them. We will get our equipment and supplies from the Illinois Community Hospital which is about 100 meters from the auditorium. The reason why we chose this hospital is because it is very close to the auditorium and secondly it is where we contracted to take any of our emergency cases. The other necessities we will get from the various chemists and pharmacies nearby. After considering all the equipments, supplies and even the labor cost that would be used in the whole project; our approximate budget was 190 000 US Dollars. This is because each of my team members expects to take home an amount of US Dollars 20, 000. For all the equipments, supplies, casual laborers will be about US Dollars 40, 000 and then I would pay myself an amount of US Dollars 30, 000. The reason why I have stated such a large amount for my team members and It is because this may just be a single day’s work but it is going to be very demanding, tiring and consuming and after a long tiring day’s work, we will need a reward. So we practically have about one and a half weeks to put everything in order, ensure that all my team members will be available and fit for the job and basically to put my house in order. I am very positive that by the end of this week everything will have been put into place as we have done already dealt with the huger problems and challenges. The rest are just minor that we can cover within days considering I have very efficient and reliable team players. My dream is to make this event a great success and my gut tells me that I will achieve that. Feel free to purchase essay on Sports topics at professional custom essay writing service. 24/7 support. Highly qualified academic writers.

Public Relations Crisis Management Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Public Relations Crisis Management Plan - Essay Example These calls for the need to ensure better inter organizational communication. Advancements in technology and the role of media have also assumed to be of significant importance to business organizations. The immense reach, popularity and the influence of media in shaping public opinion has augured the need for having a dedicated public relations department that seeks to leverage the media to shape a positive opinion and image of the firm in the minds of the customers. The role of the public relations department also assumes significance in areas of crisis management in organizations as they largely tend to act as medium of communication between the organization and the external world. SWOT Strengths The main strengths of the company include a strong brand image of the organization and a product portfolio that has an evergreen demand in the market. The company’s presence in a market like Australia also adds to its bouquet of strengths. Certain other strengths include a talented and motivated employee base along with sound financial strength of the organization. Weakness The major weakness arises in the aspect of the rising cost of fuel and raw materials and it’s over dependence on external suppliers for raw materials. Opportunities The rising disposable income and demand for products such as cars largely influence growth of prospects for Hypothetica oils. The surge in demand witnessed over the last few years with an optimistic future largely emerges as an area of opportunity. Opportunities also exist in the form of new markets like China that have high potential. Threats The threats to the company arise mainly from the high extent of competition in the Australian market. Presence of large number of competitors in the market leads to a situation where market share and profit margins have reduced significantly thus generating considerable threats for the organization’s profitability and sustainability. Target Publics Primary Publics The first step towards shaping a public relations strategy involves selecting the public’s to be targeted. Publics constitute a collection of a number of individuals that have a set of similar interests and value proposition with regards to a particular scenario (Millar & Heath, 2004, p.42). Primary publics constitute the individuals that a firm tries to generate influence. This largely consists of individuals whose thoughts largely help in ensuring profitability and sustainability for the business. In the case of Hypothetica oil the primary publics would consist of the customers of the organization and the common people at large who form a part of the social network of the company. This would also include the employees of the organization as it is largely important to have a positive image of the organization in the minds of the employees as it largely helps in inducing motivation which is very critical to the success and sustainability of an organization. Secondary Publics Secondary publics include members of target audience that have the

Sibelius symphony no.7 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sibelius symphony no.7 - Research Paper Example Additionally other works inspired by the Finnish culture include over 100 songs for piano and Voice. Some of the works include the opera music, Masonic ritual music, piano music and chamber music (Rahkonen, 2011). Sibelius composed up to the middle of 1920s, but since his production of the Seventh symphony in the year 1924, in the year 1926 when he produced "tone poem Tapiola" and "music to The Tempest" and he went quite since then. Sibelius has not produced other significant works. He is reputed to have stopped producing, but there have been some efforts to compose the eighth symphony. During the last periods of his life, he edited and wrote music for the Masonic. Although the man had an interest in developing new music, he was not much enthusiastic about modern music (Rahkonen, 2011). The Finnish nation mark a flag day on the 8 December to celebrate the composers birthday, and his image featured in the 100-mark bill until the year 2002 when it went out of circulation. Sibelius was born in Finland in the Russian Grand Duchy. He was the son of a Swedish doctor Gustaf Sibelius and Maria Sibelius. His real Swedish and Finnish name was "Janne" but he is known universally by the name Jean a French version that he adopted during his schooling years after being inspired by name in a business card of his uncle. His first language was Swedish, but he got a chance to go to Finnish speaking school from 1876 to 1885. From the age of 15, Jean has set out to be a Violin player; and he did accomplish his passion by performing the two last movements in Helsinki. After graduating from high school education, Jean Sibelius proceeded to study law at the prestigious imperial Alexander University of Finland. However, he eventually left his studies to concentrate in performing music (Costabile-Heming, 2004). From the year 1885 to 1889, Jean studied music in the Sibelius academy (formerly known as the Helsiki School of music). He

Intersex Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Intersex - Research Paper Example While intersex conditions are not completely uncommon, they are also not a surprise to society. The two major conditions are called hermaphrodite and pseudohermaphrodite. True hermaphrodites have complete sexual characteristics of both genders. This term has been loosely described though as most people are actually psuedohermaphrodites. This typically means that a person has one type of genitalia but secondary sexual characteristics are those of the other gender (Finkler). Some people may undergo surgery to remove any type of external genitalia so that they may assume one true gender. This would allow a person to then be able to have their external genitalia and their thoughts and feelings of how they identify with either gender to correlate and would give them a sort of true gender identity and would also increase their self confidence. People may also undergo hormone therapies in order to help aid in any transition (Finkler). According to a study done over fifty years ago, eighty-f our cases of people who were considered hermaphrodites showed cases of heterosexual libido. This has less to do with the person's physical characteristics. Instead, it has to do more with their upbringing. It was at this time of the study believed by these researchers that hermaphrodites experienced either homosexuality or heterosexuality not by hormones but instead by their environmental surroundings. This is thought to be true of both true hermaphrodites and pseudo-hermaphrodites (Ellis). A similar type of birth defect is ambiguous genitalia that is similar to that of hermaphrodism. This is a case when the outer organs of a person are not similar to a male or a female's organs. What can happen with this condition is the fact that during conception, the X and Y chromosomes from the father determine the child's gender. A person is either genetically XX and identifies as a female or is XY and identifies as a male. If the process in the womb is disrupted in which a baby assumes identi ty, it can then result in ambiguous genitalia. When the person comes from the womb, it is difficult to determine if they are male or female based on the organs that are present. Some of the causes of this condition are pseudo-hermaphrodism, true hermaphrodism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, lack of certain hormones or other abnormalities in chromosomes. It could also result from a mother taking certain medications (Medline Plus). Depending on the person, a genetic female may also appear to look like a female. However, a genetic female could also have physical characteristics instead of a male. This is the same for a male. Genetic females with ambiguous genitalia would have physical characteristics of an enlarged clitoris that looks like a small penis; the labia may resemble a scrotum; the urethral opening may be anywhere near the clitoris; there may be a lump of tissue in the labia that appears to look like a scrotum with testicles. It is often thought that these infant genetic fem ales are at first males but with testicles that have not descended. On the contrary, a genetic male may have a small penis that is under 1.2 inches at birth. This may look like an enlarged clitoris. The scrotum may appear to look like a labia. The urethral hole may be anywhere along the peritoneum and the testicles are still undescended. This condition is not life threatening but can relate to psychological issues in the future where a person may struggle

Who Is To Blame For Low Voter Turnout Politics Essay

Who Is To Blame For Low Voter Turnout Politics Essay Democracy is the most favorable form of government in todays world. Its being said that we all should work hand in hand in order to make decisions on certain political matters and that can only be made possible through participation which is voting. Our right to vote is guaranteed in Canada under section 3 of Charter of Rights and freedoms  [2]  but many people dont exercise this right. But if they had not been granted this right, they probably will feel offended and divested. Regardless of Section 3, Canadian voter turnout in recent years has been disappointing and not very reassuring. In past few decades, there has been a gradual decrease in voter turnout in Canada. Turnout has dropped significantly since 1988. In 2000, the turnout reached lowest mark ever but the record was further broken in 2008 federal elections  [3]  which raised eyebrows of all political parties and further raised questions and concerns whether Canadian democracy and the electoral system are effective enough. A number of scholars and political scientists argue that we need to bring in a new effective electoral system in order to increase voter turnout and government and policy makers have also commenced ways to improve Canadian democracy. This paper examines the voter turnout in past few decades, reasons for decrease in voter turnout, including cynicism and apathy of voters and various possible reforms in order to make Canadian democracy more effective. Voter turnout can be described as when registered voters vote and when registered voters marked a ballot during elections. It is calculated by dividing number of valid votes by registered electoral districts  [4]  . It doesnt count rejected ballots or spoiled ballots. Voter turnout is really important in determining peoples confidence and satisfaction with the government, political parties, and their policies. It is also a good sign of healthy democracy. High voter turnout legitimizes the governments authority over people. Voter turnout also reflects peoples interest in politics and decisions being made by political members on their behalf. It also shows civic literacy among people in regards to political issues. Increase in turnout will decrease inequality among social groups  [5]  . But the big story in news from past two decades is decrease in voter turnout. From 1945 to 1988 Canada has enjoyed high level of voter turnout  [6]  . Since 1988 it has decreased significant ly, with the lowest mark in 2008 federal elections. It was 75 % in 1988 compared to 64.7% in 2006 and 58 % in 2008  [7]  . Canada has enjoyed very high voter turnout until 1988. Voter turnout in Canada is low compared to other countries such as Australia, France, Germany, New Zealand and United Kingdom  [8]  . The questions that arises is why do some people vote and others dont enjoy this privilege. Why is it so low in Canada? This question has been a hot topic and central to many political scientists and political research  [9]  . Possible Causes This can be due to cynicism and apathy of people. People are very pessimistic about what government does and there is an absence of enthusiasm in people. Recent studies argue that voters felt cynical, disappointed, dissatisfied and there was a sense of disempowerment. People think that government wastes a lot of time and money rather than making right choices for common good. Its bureaucracy and decisions are made by bureaucrats. They make decisions based on their own interests. Politicians are dishonest, self-centered, unaccountable, lack integrity and accomplish very little  [10]  . Lots of research has been done on this particular topic by various authors, political scientists and agencies but no specific or static reasons were explained or they are yet to be revealed. Each study revealed different aspects, different reasons and circumstances for low voter turnout. Lots of those studies revealed variables independent of cynicism and apathy of voters. There are lots of other possible causes for lower voter turnouts. These factors range from personal reasons to age and gender. Voters lack of involvement because of disinterest in elections is one of the main causes of low voter turnout  [11]  . They usually think that their votes are meaningless and hence will not make any difference if they dont vote. But people seem to have forgotten that every vote counts and every vote makes a difference. That being said, one of the reasons behind this thinking is that government usually proposes referendums during elections and these referendums reflects a change or propo ses a particular constitutional measure. A good example would be Charlottetown Accord, 1992  [12]  . People who are not involved in voting are unaware of these referendums and hence delay all the changes that would have otherwise been considered as positive changes. Also people are less likely to find the parties, their policies, candidates and appealing leaders  [13]  . Every party proposes few legislations and policies that they will implement after they have been choosen. Reason why people dont find these policies appealing is because those policies dont meet their expectations and totally meaningless to them. People also dont find their leaders charismatic. If we look at the census, Liberal party has made majority government most of the times. Liberals had some exceptional leaders such as Sir Wilfrid Laurier, William Lyon Mackenzie King, Lester B. Pearson, Pierre Trudeau, Jean Chretien and these leaders have had charisma. They attracted people towards them because the po licies they discussed before elections, implemented most of them  [14]  . Current government has been criticized by everyone for not coming up with strategies to fight economic deficit and fighting recession. Action plan was developed but it did not have much impact  [15]  . Another reason that can be considered responsible for low voter turnout is personal or administrative components of voters life  [16]  . Voting usually takes place during daytime and weekdays. Most people go to work or school or are unable to vote due to various personal problems. Sometimes, their electoral district is too far from work and they are unable to vote. A lot of people are also preoccupied with their families, kids and other family responsibilities after hours and are unable to go down to their constituency and vote. In conclusion, these reasons could be the few basic reasons that led to decline in voter turnout. There are few other controversial reasons which affects voter turnout. Timing is considered one of them. It has been said that people are usually away during summer time on vacation and winter weather conditions can deter participation. It also explains cross sectional variations. Weather conditions do have an effect on voter turnout  [17]  whereas statistics Canada doesnt provide any such evidence. Also none of the other studies provide any evidence for this argument with further research. Elections have been conducted at various days, various months  [18]  . Television and turnout is another controversial reason but there hasnt been much debate on this particular topic. It has been said that TV is a revolution in democracy and it gives people clear understanding of trends and issues but it has reduced voter turnout. TV has reduced radios efficiency which is really effective in rural areas  [19]  .People use their leisure time in watching TV rather than listening to poli tical agendas on radio. They spend more time in entertainment as opposed to focusing on informative aspects  [20]  . No other studies provide such evidence. Socio-economic characteristics also affect voter turnout. Turnout is high in advanced countries. Advanced countries are more likely to participate in their countries matter and decisions  [21]  . Other factors include changing times and values, religion, long authority of one political party, political disaffection, gender, education, origin etc  [22]  23. Lower Youth Participation and Enhancement Even though these factors play significant role in voter turnout but not all political scientists and scholars agree on them. They all seem to agree on two main reasons that have a huge impact on voter turnout in past as well as in recent elections and these reasons are youth electoral engagement and Canadian Electoral System. Less participation of youth or apathy among youth can be a possible reason as discussed by many political scientists  [24]  . Politicians and government are concerned about why young people dont participate in elections or if they do, why their turnout is so low as compared to other age groups. The turnout between age group of 18 to 24 is still relatively small. Knowing that fact that it has been decreasing, actual reasons behind this are still foggy and poorly understood. In 2008 federal elections total turnout was 58.8% and lowest turnout was among age group of 18-24 with 37.4%  [25]  . Youth in Canada dont involve themselves in Canadian Politics. Mor e research needs to be done to find out what motivates young people. Centre for Information and Research on Canada, at one instance mentioned: Many young adults are highly mobile, and so less rooted in their communities and less aware of community needs and issues. For these reasons, they are likely to be less interested in elections. But as they grow old, it generally assumed that they will become more likely to vote  [26]   But politicians and government arent that optimistic as young voters are moving away from politics. This can be determined by looking at enrollment of student in Political Science courses at University level. It has been gradually declining  [27]  . Youth must be encouraged to participate in elections. Young voters tendency to vote needs to be understood. Also Canadian leaders or parties should directly address Canadian youth during elections  [28]  . Seminars or multimedia campaigns should be conducted for young people to educate them and make them more aware of Canadian political system and how to participate in it. Round table discussions in colleges and universities would be an effective step in civic literacy of youth and parents must discuss politics with their children at home and it will definitely enhance their politics skills. Also students must stay in school and schools should offer political science courses or make them mandatory or compulsory  [29]  . New experiments and tests needs to be designed to increase voter turnout not just among youth but overall population  [30]  . We need to give profound consideration to Canadian youth and their needs. Much needs be done in order to over come this matter. Electoral System and Possible Reforms Although electoral system is not the sole problem for low voter turnout, it has been blamed primarily for citizens apathy and cynicism. Canadas current electoral system is based on single member plurality or most commonly known as First-Past-the-Post (FPTP) at federal, provincial and municipal level. In this system, a single individual is elected from a riding to represent citizens of that electoral district. Member who receives most votes becomes Member of Parliament. There has been an ongoing debate on whether Canadian electoral system should be changed. Advocates of this system argue that it produces stable majority government  [31]  whereas other political scientists argue that we need new system as it is outdated. There have been lots of problems with current Canadian electoral system including: regional polarization, fairness, under-representation of women, democratic alteration  [32]  . Once again, advocates replied by saying that there is no solution to regionalism as population is sparsely divided in provinces. There is not much that government or political parties can do in order to overcome that unequal distribution of population. Arguments were also made on proportional representation electoral system by saying that it can create unsought results such as political fragmentation, coalition or minority governments, cabinet instability etc. They further mentioned that theres no guarantee that voter turnout will go up if Canada introduces new electoral system and also its not going to have any effect on representation  [33]  . Survey was conducted by Elections Canada to find out whether people are satisfied with current electoral system. There werent too many variations in the results i.e. on one hand people want to give up current electoral system and at the same time try proportional representation system  [34]  . In recent years, electoral reform proponents are willing to introduce Proportional Representation in Canada. It is a primary substitute to Single Member Plurality  [35]  . According to this system, each member will get his/her share or a seat based on shares of votes they get, regardless of whether they get highest number of votes or lowest number of votes. This will give a fair and equal chance to all the members who are riding for that constituency. Also voters wouldnt think that their votes are meaningless. They get to choose member of their choice. Proportional Representation has two categories: List System and Single Transferrable Vote  [36]  . Buy as usual; Proportional Representation has its critics. Critics argue that this will create many small new parties within the legislature, will produce unstable government by giving an opportunity to radical parties to represent themselves and not all constituencies will be covered  [37]  . Most democracies in world today use Proportional Representation. Voter turnout level is beyond exception in countries that are practicing proportional representation. It has been widely considered that Proportional Representation will have a huge impact on Canadian political system which includes more representative parliament, reduction of regional polarization, no single party majority governments; equal representation of all members from various constituencies, Prime Minister will have less power, federal and provincial balance  [38]  . Research has also demonstrated that Proportional Representation will lead to high turnout  [39]  . Provinces such as British Columbia, Ontario, New Brunswick have considered this option and have taken appropriate steps to introduce this system among community members. Ontario also introduced Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) System which can also be as another alternative to our current electoral system. Mixed Member Proportionality is mixtur e of local elected districts member and members elected on provincial level from party list. It gives options to people to choose two members at same time, one from party and second a local candidate. It will create stable parties, equal representation, fair election results, accountability; stronger voter participation etc  [40]  .Alternative vote can also go hand in hand with Proportional Representation. Under alternative vote people have to rank the candidates based on their preference and candidate much receive 50% vote and candidates will lower number of votes are automatically dropped out. Hence number of votes goes up and number of candidates goes down  [41]  . Electronic Voting is another big alternative that can replace our current electoral system. Surveys conducted have demonstrated that Canadians favor internet voting, especially youth. All provinces have high approval rate. It has been considered the best method to increase voter turnout, even better than Proportional Representation  [42]  . Another surveys conducted by Toronto Star have revealed high approval rate  [43]  . It will be a lot easier for people to vote online and very reliable. It will solve the problem of those people who cant make it to their electoral districts on voting day. People can regularly provide feedback through surveys about government policies at federal, provincial and municipal levels. Critics argue that internet voting will create legal concerns. Research issues can also lead to failure of this internet voting. In addition, security issues can come into play and resolving these security issues can put extra burden on the budget as it will cost lo st of money  [44]  .Another concern with this is people who are computer illiterate, or people who doesnt have access to computers but the Government is planning to test this system by 2013. Compulsory Voting or Mandatory Voting could be another alternative. In this system, all voters must register and obliged show up on voting day. They still have the choice of not to vote. Fines or other sanctions will be imposed if they dont show up. Many advanced democracies are using mandatory voting such as Australia, Belgium, and Brazil. Voter turnout is very high in these countries. Proponents of this system argue that this will increase voter turnout, election campaigns can focus more on issue rather than teaching people about electoral system. This can also enhance peoples participation in political process other than voting  [45]  . Compulsory voting critics argue that people will vote just for the sake of voting. This will not express their opinions. It is an undemocratic way to vote and it infringes their charter rights under section 3. Majority of Canadians are against this voting system. Penalties can be expensive for people who cannot afford to pay. It also doesnt add ress questions of low voter turnout and civic literacy among citizens  [46]  . Lots of different proposals have been discussed by various political scientists which includes civic literacy among people. People should be taught about politics. It can be done through media. Countries with high civic literacy have high voter turnout  [47]  . Other proposals say that Permanent Residents should be allowed to vote as they make good amount of Canadian population. Being Permanent Resident, they cannot do certain things and voting is one of them. Critics argue that this infringe section 3 or charter of rights and freedoms and keeps valuable and experienced people away from participation which further declines their interest in politics  [48]  . More opportunities for peoples participation in politics should be developed. Diversity should be increased i.e. women and visible minorities. Government should also keep citizens demands in mind and should work on them. Public opinion surveys should be conducted each year to find out satisfaction in government. Public op inion and overall good should be preferred while making diplomatic decisions. Conclusion Voter turnout has been decreasing. Efforts are being to find out the reasons behind it. Different authors, scholars, political scientists use different opinions and views to explain this trend. We must change low voter turnout trend and electoral reform could be a revolutionary idea. Canadian democracy must be improved by putting more emphasis on citizens needs. People should be encouraged to engage in politics through civic literacy. Reforms are not yet being implemented but theres a good chance that they will be looked upon and tested in future. As Canadians, its upto us whether we want to see a change. Research is yet being conducted to reveal what underlies beneath, offer practical solutions and overcome this problem.

James Buchanan :: essays research papers

James Buchanan On April 23, 1791, a great man was born; fifteenth president of the United States, James Buchanan.He was born near Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. His father, James Buchanan, and his mother Elizabeth Speer Buchanan, raised their son a Presbyterian. He grew up in a well to do home, being the eldest of eleven other siblings. His parents cared for them all in their mansion in Pennsylvania. They sent him to Dickinson College. Buchanan graduated in 1809, was admitted to the bar in 1812, and then moved to Lancaster to set up his law practice. His political career was initiated in 1814 with his election to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives; in 1821 he began his first five elective terms in the House of Representatives. President Andrew Jackson appointed James Minister to Russia, upon his return in 1834. Buchanan was in the service of the United States Senate for a decade, and then became a secretary under James K. Polk, and as President Pierce’ s minister to Great Britain. During this Foreign Service, Buchanan’s name was mentioned as the Democratic Party’s for the 1856 Presidential Election. Buchanan had strived for this election in the three previous elections; it had seemed to pass over him. But by 1856, Buchanan was ready to retire from public service and only accepted the nomination out of duty and obligation. Buchanan didn’t actively campaign for the presidency, but instead remained quietly at home in Wheatland. Buchanan’s presidency was characterized by the state’s rights and slavery issues, which tore our country apart. Following the election of Abraham Lincoln, and by the time Buchanan left office, six states had seceded from the union. When seven of the fifteen stated seceded from the union, in 1860-1861, Buchanan did not force them to stay in the union. He felt that violence would only make more states leave. His policy delayed the Civil War until after Abraham Lincoln took office. So, therefore, Buchanan actually was president during the very beginnings of the Civil War . Being a minister to Great Britain, the Whig party regained the presidency in 1849, and Buchanan retired to Wheatland. He ran for the democratic presidential nomination. Franklin Pierce won the nomination and the election though. He appointed Buchanan minister to Great Britain. In London, Buchanan tried for two years to modify the Clayton-Bulwer treaty of 1850. This treaty provided that neither nation should occupy territory in Central America.

Toyota Swot Analysis 2013

SWOT analysis of Toyota This is a Toyota Motor Corporation SWOT analysis for 2013. Company background NameToyota Motor Corporation Industries servedAutomotive Geographic areas servedWorldwide HeadquartersJapan Current CEOAkio Toyoda Revenue? 18. 583 trillion (2012) Profit? 283. 55 billion (2012) Employees300,747 (2012) Main CompetitorsBayerische Motoren Werke AG, Chrysler Group LLC, Daimler AG, Ford Motor Co. , General Motors Company, Honda Motor Company, Nissan Motor, Tata Motors, Ltd. , Volkswagen AG and many other automotive companies. SWOT analysis of Toyota SWOT analysis of ToyotaStrengthsWeaknesses 1. Innovative culture 2. Brand reputation valued at $30 billion 3. Industry leader in manufacturing and production 4. Strong brand portfolio 5. The leader in â€Å"green† cars development1. Large recalls 2. Weak presence in the emerging markets OpportunitiesThreats 1. Positive attitude towards â€Å"green† vehicles 2. Increasing fuel prices 3. Changing customer needs 4. Growth through acquisitions1. Fluctuating fuel prices 2. New emission standards 3. Rising raw material prices 4. Intense competition 5. Natural disasters 6. Appreciating yen exchange rateStrengths 1. Innovative culture. Toyota is one of the most innovative auto companies and has a strong culture that is focused on constant innovation. The company was the first to introduce Kaizen, Kanban and Total quality Management systems widely in their organization. The company was the first to mass-produce and sell hybrid vehicles too. 2. Brand reputation valued at $30 billion. Toyota’s brand is the most valued automotive brand in the world. The company is known for its environmentally friendly, safe and durable cars that are sold in more than 170 countries. 3.Industry leader in manufacturing and production. Toyota was the first company to introduce lean manufacturing and total quality management practices in manufacturing process. For some time, the company was the only practitioner of these practices and had the lowest manufacturing and production costs worldwide. Although many manufacturers were able to replicate Toyota’s lean manufacturing system, the company is still one of the most profitable manufacturers in the world. 4. Strong brand portfolio. Toyota currently sells about 70 different models of cars under its namesake brand.This does not only increase brands awareness but also satisfies nearly every consumer group needs. Toyota’s flagship models are Corolla and Prius. 5. The leader in â€Å"green† cars development. Toyota understands that environmental friendly cars are the necessity nowadays. Consumers are more selective in terms of CO2 emissions and fuel-efficiency of the cars they buy and Toyota’s early move towards selling hybrid and efficient cars is the strength few competitors can match. Weaknesses 1. Large-scale recalls. Toyota had quite a few large-scale vehicle recalls over the past few years.The company recalled 9 mi llion vehicles in 2009-2010 and 7. 43 million cars in 2012. Such recalls does not only hurt the firm financially but significantly damages firm’s brand. 2. Weak presence in the emerging markets. Toyota’s main markets are Japan, US and Europe, while such emerging economies as China or India make only a small percentage of all Toyota’s sales. Due to poor presence in the largest automobile market (China), Toyota will find it hard to compete with GM that has huge market share there. Opportunities 1. Positive attitude towards â€Å"green† vehicles.Today consumers are more aware of the negative effects (air pollution) caused by cars. Large quantities of CO2 emissions intensify greenhouse effect and negatively impact the life on earth. Thus, consumers are more likely to buy new hybrid and electric cars that emit less CO2. 2. Increasing fuel prices. Increasing fuel prices open up large markets for Toyota’s hybrid cars as consumers shift towards efficient c ars. 3. Changing customer needs. By introducing new car models, Toyota could satisfy varying consumers’ tastes and needs and access wider customer group. 4. Growth through acquisitions.Toyota has successfully acquired other car companies in the past and should continue doing so to grow, gain new skills, assets and access to new markets. Threats 1. Decreasing fuel prices. There is high possibility that future fuel prices will drop, as more shale gas will be extracted. For this reason, fuel-efficient hybrid and electric cars will become less attractive to cost conscious consumers that are the main customer group for Toyota’s Prius model. 2. New emission standards. New emission standards introduced by the government would require more investments into producing cleaner engines.More investments mean less profit for Toyota. 3. Rising raw material prices. Rising raw material prices are especially important to automobiles manufacturers. Higher prices mean higher costs and les s profits for Toyota as the raw metals are the main components in car manufacturing. 4. Intense competition. Toyota faces more intense competition from other auto manufacturers more than ever. Volkswagen group is strongly growing and GM steps up after its reorganization to become more competitive than ever. 5. Natural disasters. Toyota’s has manufacturing facilities in Japan, Thailand, China and Indonesia.These countries, including others, are often subject to natural disasters that disrupt manufacturing in the facilities and decrease Toyota’s production volumes. 5. Appreciating yen exchange rate. Most of Toyota’s revenue comes from foreign countries. The profits earned abroad must be sent back to Japan and converted to yen. Appreciating yen exchange rate against other currencies means lower profits for Toyota. Sources: 1. Toyota (2013). Investors: 2012 Financial Results. Available at: http://www. toyota-global. com/investors/financial_result/2012/ 2.Toyota (201 3). Company profile: Overview. Available at: http://www. toyota-global. com/company/profile/overview/ 3. Interbrand (2013). Best Global Brands 2012. Available at: http://www. interbrand. com/en/best-global-brands/2012/Best-Global-Brands-2012. aspx 4. Pantong, K. (2013). Toyota investing on big things in Thailand. Available at: http://www. nationmultimedia. com/business/Toyota-investing-on-big-things-in-Thailand-30198606. html 5. Wikipedia (2013). Toyota. Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Toyota#Hybrid_electric_vehicles

Animal Research essays

Animal Research essays Proprietary gene targeting and nuclear transfer technology, or cloning, combined with xenotransplantation technology have proven to be one of the greatest and most practical and beneficial discovery produced by animal testing in medical laboratories. All throughout history some of the most influential discoveries in the field of psychology have been derived from experiments done on animals. There are some disadvantages to scientific research performed on animals but the advantages far more outweigh the harmful ones. There is a vast shortage of human organs available for transplantation. Waiting lists for organs can take years to budge. In America alone, there are 80,000 people waiting for organs to become available, and 15 of those waiting die every day, as stated by Robert Hager, NBC News correspondent. 5,475 Americans die every year waiting for donors to yield matching organs. Xenotransplants from another species to humans is a worthy alternative for someone who is on life support and lacks a compatible human donor organ. Xenotransplantation is a very promising and near at hand future solution to this problem. Making an alternative species donor through genetic engineering is most closely achievable by a leading biopharmaceutical company, PPL Therapeutics (PPL). PPL Therapeutics has successfully cloned a set of five piglets lacking a gene that once made full organ transplants between people and pigs not possible. What we have done is knocked out a gene which codes for an enzyme, illustrates David Ayares, Vice President of PPL Therapeutics. PPL has eliminated a gene that is responsible for making an enzyme that adds sugar to a pigs cells. When an organ that has this sugar added to its cells is transplanted into a human, it triggers a response by the patients immune system, which then causes a reaction called hyperacute rejection of the organ or a cel ...

Glandulas suprarrenales Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Glandulas suprarrenales Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Glandulas suprarrenales Generalidades Organos pares, constan de 3 diferentes tejidos Corteza externa, controlada sobre todo por el sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona: que regula la liberacion de aldosterona, la cual afecta la homesotasia de sodio y potasio Corteza interna, controlada por el sistema hormona liberadora de coticotropina cortisol, que regula la respuesta fisiologica al estres mediante la liberacion de cortisol y tambien produce androgenos La medula, que forma parte del sistema nervioso simpatico y produce adrenalina Embriologia Cada glandula adrenal consiste en dos regiones diferentes: Corteza: deriva de las celulas mesenquimatosas unidas a la cavidad celomica en proximidad al pliegue urogenital. Puede distinguirsele desde los dos meses de gestacion. La corteza adrenal fetal aumenta de tamano con rapidez, llegando a ser mayor que el rinon hacia los cinco meses de gestacion, momento con el cual ya se distinge en dos zonas: Corteza externa definitiva: Zona glomerulosa (Externa), la cual expresa la enzima desmolasa (cataliza la primera reaccion en la sintesis de esteroides) y aldosterona sintetaza (Cataliza la reaccion de aldosterona) Zona fasciculada (Intermedia) que expresa desmolasa (catalizala reaccion final de la sintesis de cortisol y corticosterona). Zona reticular (Interna) Corteza externa fetal: se degenera con rapidez y al ano de edad ha desaparecido

Teching ICT for Special Need Pupil Between Theory and Practice Essay

Teching ICT for Special Need Pupil Between Theory and Practice - Essay Example To make ICT practical in addressing the needs of students with special needs, there is need to sensitize the community on the role that ICT can play in education of those with special needs. INTRODUCTION There are pupils faced with all manners of learning disabilities whether physical, educational, emotional, mental, or may be a combination of all the above problems. Problems like autism, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, epilepsy, spinal bifida, and others present compounding disabilities which teachers find difficult to deal with. These problems present various kinds of learning disabilities ranging from mental problems to behavioral problems. Behavioral problems make it difficult for student to associate with others in the learning environment which defies the order of learning as an associative activity. It is good to realize that the world has moved from early problems of deafness and blindness which has defined learning disabilities for along time, and has moved to addressing the previously mentioned problems. The world is coming to realization that disability is no inability. There has been a vigorous campaign from all over the world in a bid to encourage the education of those with special needs. For a long time disabled children have been considered as unfit to pursue higher levels of education as compared to their normal counterparts. Students with learning disabilities have faced a lot of problems integrating in the same classrooms with other students. This has led to development of special teaching classrooms for those students with special needs. In a learning environment, teachers are faced with various problems of addressing the needs of the students which are as diverse as the students themselves. Those with physical disabilities will require... This paper stresses that to make ICT more practical to students with special needs, it is also good to start with training the community first of the importance that ICT can play in education of these children. This will involve mobilization of the community which turns out to be holding teachers, parents and the children themselves. This report makes a conclusion that the use of ICT in the learning process of students with special needs is very vital. It is very important models of learning that can help student with learning disability achieve the same education calibre like other children. It is beneficial not only to the students but also to the community as a whole. However we have seen the many hurdles that make the process impractical. This is the point that all the authorities in the world should strive to address right now. Implementing ICT in special schools should not be seen only as a burden of the parents and teacher alone nor should it be taken as a problem to be tackled by the authority alone but rather it should be seen as burden that everybody has to tackle. All of us have an input that can make the process more practical. It is time the world moved from the theoretical mentioning of the process and moves to make it more practical. Going by its benefits, it is worth our trial. There is need for t he world to move fast and address the digital divide that has currently rocked the world. The ICT gap between the developed and the developing world has increased with a huge gap and there is need for it to be addressed fast. This can only be done through increasing access to ICT facilities to the developing world. This will also involve involving students with learning disabilities more in the digital world which will help in their holistic development.

Research Summary and Ethical Considerations Essay

Research Summary and Ethical Considerations - Essay Example Many suspected that the cause of disease is because of lack of knowledge of the hospital personnel like the nurses and doctors. The disease being highly contagious can lead to many cases within a short period. I will do a research on the Texas Children Hospital to find out the number of children that have measles. I will also analyze the level of knowledge of nurses and doctors to account for the increased prevalence of the disease. Background of study Problem The chief problem that has increased level of patients under five years having measles is ignorance. This is because the new nurses and doctors have not experienced children that have the measles infection. This is because for, a long time, the disease in Boston has been nonexistent because of vaccination (Fabes & Martin, 2008). Therefore, the doctors cannot correctly diagnose the disease as measles. Again, the new doctors and nurses do not know the importance of issuing vaccines to children. This is because they have just lear ned about the diseases in medical schools but have never treated a child with the disease to know how it is serious. Significance The significance of the study is to enlighten the nurses on the danger of neglecting these reduced but acutely dangerous diseases. By doing this, the study aims at improving the attention nurses pay on children by ensuring that all receive their vaccinations (Thomas, 2003). Purpose The study aims at ensuring the prevalence of measles does not increase as this will ultimately increase the mortality rate of children less than five years. Objectives This reading aims at assessing the knowledge level of measles of nurses and doctors in the Texas Children Hospital. HA- There is positive relation existing between the knowledge level of measles and the increased prevalence of measles in Texas Children Hospital, Boston. Concepts Vaccination- this is when an individual is given antigens that trigger the immune system to create protection from a specific disease. M edical personnel- this are qualified people who work in a health facility to ensure that patients are treated and taken care of. Method of study The study will be a qualitative research where the observations found will be expressed in words. This is most appropriate when the data required cannot be expressed numerically. An example is like the attitude of nurses and doctors towards vaccinating children below 5 years. Research Design The study will use a cross sectional study design as it is most appropriate. This is because it will show knowledge of people on the measles disease as well as the importance of vaccination against it. Sample The approximate number of children who come for measles vaccination in the Texas Children Hospital is 425. The sample will target 129 children who will be used in the study. I was able to find the sample size to use in the study by using the following formula. D=G Where D is the desired sample size; G is the standard normal deviation at 95% confide nce level. S is the number of children who have vaccination against measles. b is 1-S, and f is the level of statistical significance set. H=Z?Sb/f? To substitute the symbols with values enables one to find the estimated population size. H= (1.96)? (0.14) (0.86)/ (0.05)? (The number found is divided by the estimated value of the number of children who received vaccination from the hospital.) H=40 Therefore, the sample size that the study will use will be forty children to

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management Essay - 1

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management - Essay Example Adequate staffing is the solution to reduce the workload on nurses that is how a seasoned manager will look at it. Nurses usually leave due to excessive work pressures and that will be eased to a certain extent through this action. On other issues raised by the nurses, the top management of the organization must formulate a strong retention policy and for that the company needs to pay nurses generously. McConnell (2010) emphasizes on proper reward system to recognize the work of employees and that is where effective and appropriate leadership style is necessary. The issues that concern nurses and raised so far are mostly tangible and needs to be tackled by the top management of the organization where nothing much can be done at intermediate levels such as supervisors or managers because number of nurses in the healthcare unit and their salary structures are largely governed by the corporate recruitment and compensation policies (managerial decisions); however, even a well-formulated retention policy may fail if it is not supported by staff motivation and recognition efforts. It is precisely here that effective leadership is necessary at all levels. Issues That Need an Effective Leadership Approach In CareerBuilder (2010)’s survey on nurses, many issues raised by nursing staffs fall in the category of work culture, lack of training, and poor fit with boss. Yukl (2006) argues that effective leaders are usually transformational leaders. They do not hesitate to delegate authority to others, help create self-managed teams, eliminate unwanted controls; helps develop skills and self-confidence of staff so as to create self-managed teams and work toward staff... As the report states efficient managers assess the situation before resorting to any solution. Many of the issues that come out in the survey are interrelated such as fewer staff and high workload issue. Lower staff will obviously lead to the situation of high workload on nursing staff in any healthcare setting. Adequate staffing is the solution to reduce the workload on nurses that is how a seasoned manager will look at it. Nurses usually leave due to excessive work pressures and that will be eased to a certain extent through this action. On other issues raised by the nurses, the top management of the organization must formulate a strong retention policy and for that the company needs to pay nurses generously. According to the paper stresses concern nurses and raised so far are mostly tangible and needs to be tackled by the top management of the organization where nothing much can be done at intermediate levels such as supervisors or managers because number of nurses in the healthcare unit and their salary structures are largely governed by the corporate recruitment and compensation policies (managerial decisions); however, even a well-formulated retention policy may fail if it is not supported by staff motivation and recognition efforts. It is precisely here that effective leadership is necessary at all levels. Several transformational leadership frameworks are in operation and one of them is engaging leadership model.

Scholastic Corporation Essay Example for Free

Scholastic Corporation Essay Hi! I would like to welcome you and your child to Third Grade! I am excited to have an opportunity to be an important part of your child’s education. Third grade is an important step in your child’s education. It consists of many new tasks and skills for your child. They are required to think more critically and work more independently. My goal is to guide and instruct your child so that he/she will be fully prepared for fourth grade. In order to accomplish this, teamwork is critical. My role as teacher for your child is to provide daily instruction, meaningful class work and homework assignments, and to provide a stimulating environment and opportunities for success. To ensure that the opening of school goes smoothly, we would like to bring your attention to activities and procedures that are important to the third grade level. All toys are to stay AT HOME unless specifically requested by teachers. Any materials (including clothing) should be clearly marked with your childs name. Organization and Homework To assist your child in developing good organizational skills, the following routines are necessary: 1. Review and sign all homework and planner nightly. 2. Work is to be completed in pencil only unless otherwise stated. 3. Homework is written, by your child daily, in their agenda. Check off work completed and initial planner nightly. 4. Homework is an opportunity to practice material learned in the classroom to the level of mastery. In order for us to maintain daily contact, we ask that you check your childs homework daily for accuracy and understanding. Do not sign homework or planner unless you have checked over homework and are sure it has been completed. 5. Take Home Folder: Your child will be bringing home a folder every night. The homework folder should be cleaned out nightly and only papers that need to be returned to school should be left in the folder. 6. I will try to make homework free weekends. There may be times when this isn’t possible, but I will do my best to make this happen. 7. All homework assignments are due on the following day. If your child forgets their homework or planner, they will have to miss noon recess to complete assignments. If your child forgets to get homework or planner signed they will have to miss 10 minutes of recess. (1/2 recess). Your child will not be allowed to call home for forgotten homework. Reading/Spelling Reading will be a part of daily homework. Your child needs to read at least 20 minutes each night. A portion of this time may be spent reading aloud to a parent and discussing content. Vocabulary Lists and Spelling Lists will be sent home for your child to study for that week’s story. Please review them nightly. Math Math will also be a part of daily homework. Your child will complete side B of the fact practice and written practice nightly. Scholastic Book Orders Make checks payable to: Scholastic Books. More than one book order may be sent home at one time, return a slip for each catalog that you want to order from however, one check may be written for all. Book Donations If you have books that your child has outgrown or no longer reads, send them to school and I will get them to the appropriate classrooms. Parent Teacher Communication Please feel free to call me at school or home at any reasonable time. You can also email me at school or â€Å"friend† me on facebook and send private messages. School 886-2251 Available times: 8:00 a.m., School email [emailprotected] Home – 822-3272 Cell – 886-4077

The Social Convention Of Death In Literature :: essays research papers fc

Our environment dictates how we live our lives and how we handle situations. Our environment also dictates how the people around us handle our death. Death is one important social convention of a society depicted in The Call of the Wild, Garden Party, the Great Gatsby, Bone, and Dulce Et Decorum Est. Death and the handling of death is a social convention portraying values and ways of living in two main ways: â€Å"respect† of the body and acceptable manners to die such as through violence, illness, caring, etc. In the Call of the Wild, by Jack London, death is a game where survival is a tactic, kill or be killed (manner of death) and the body is a trophy (â€Å"respect† for the body). For example, â€Å"He [Buck] was ranging at the head of the pack, running the wild thing down, the living meat, to kill with his own teeth and wash his muzzle to the eyes in warm blood.† (London 49). This game Buck played with the other dogs was a challenge of who will catch the snowshoe rabbit. It shows a twisted regard for life. Buck wanted to wash his nose in the rabbit’s blood to smell the kill. In this game, the only respect for life is the trophy that the body will make in death. Another example of the game is â€Å"From then on, night and day, Buck never left his prey, never gave it a moment’s rest, never permitted it to browse the leaves of trees†¦ Nor did he give the wounded bull opportunity to slake his burning thirst in the slender trickling stream they crossed.â₠¬  (London 95). Buck played with the bull’s fear and he showed no mercy. He showed no respect, he gave the bull no honor and the bull finally died of exhaustion, falling over, only to become Buck’s prize that also fed him. â€Å"For a day and a night he remained by the kill [moose], eating and sleeping, turn and turn about. Then rested, refreshed and strong,† (London 96). Buck nourished himself off the bull and became stronger and more resilient. To eat Buck must hunt his food in the uncaring wild, it was his only choice for survival. The game that Buck played with life did not always give respect to the dying, though this seemed necessary to his survival, giving the deaths more acceptability as a source to nourish the winner of the game.

Communication Is A Two Way Flow Essay

Communication is a two way flow of conversation where something is achieved e.g information effective communication is important in health and social care because through communication which is listening and talking you can make a better relationship with client. effective communication can make you understand your client emotions and feelings for example if a nurse is having a conversion with a patient and the nurse seem friendly , have positive body languages and interacting well, the patient is likely to open up to the nurse and discuss any worry that he/she is facing, which lead to better relationship. when communicating you need to show that you’re interested in what the person is saying, the more you look interested the more the person is going to trust and open up you. In health and social care you communicate with patient, colleague and other professionals for example if you were a doctor and you want to refer a patient to a surgeon, you would have to talk to the surge on to sort the patient operation. Conjunction with colleague us important because if you have a good relationship colleagues it would make the work a better place and make patients feel comfortable because they can sense if staffs are getting along. There are different types of communication informal and formal. informal: this is used between family and friends. Different social groups use different informal language to communicate so it might be hard for other people to understand. formal: this is used in health and social care for example if you went to a service they would say ‘good morning, how IIvan I help’ thus us to show that they respect you. multi agency working. Working with other professional for example GP ,hospital service require formal communication. non verbal communication is communicating without speaking, like facial expressions, sign language, gestures, eye contact, posture and tone of voice, this kind of communication can sometimes speak louder than words. Written communication, This is central to the work of any person providing a service in a health and social care environment when keeping records and in writing reports. Different types of communication need different styles of writing but all require literacy skills. A more formal style of writing is needed when recording information about a patient. It would be unacceptable to use text message abbreviations, such as ‘l8er’. Effective communication, including active listening, can be hard work. People  who work in health or social care environments tend to enjoy learning about other people and their lives. Things can go wrong, however, if: †¢ the context is wrong, e.g. the surroundings are unsuitable due to lack of privacy †¢ the service provider and service user are mismatched. Sometimes communication breaks down because of factors such as age, education level, gender and ethnic background †¢ a person withholds information because they fear being judged, for example, they have taken illegal drugs †¢ a person fears that confidentiality will be broken, even though this should never happen, for example, about their sexual orientation †¢ the service user thinks that the advice given is too vague and has not asked for clarification †¢ the subject matter is embarrassing, such as talking about sex or intimate body parts †¢ a person fears they are going to hear bad news so avoids going to a service provider until it is too late to help. If health and social care workers do not develop good communication skills, the effectiveness of their work will be reduced and things can go wrong. This will not help service users to feel good about themselves and can lead to worse consequences. Remember, it is important to overcome problems such as those listed above, communicate effectively, including checking understanding, so that you get the best out of your interactions with colleagues and service users. Formal or Informal Group conversations are more formal, clear and straight forward, eye contact, listening to everyone, pronociation Informal is less formal, don’t have to speak loudly, back and forward talking, more personal Argyle’s theory of the communication cycle centre’s on six core concepts, or, a cycle. The cycle is as follows: 1. An idea occurs. For example, let us say that our idea is wanting to buy a  car. 2. Message coded. This would be us putting our desire of a car into whatever medium we wish to communicate with. This may be a language, pictures, writing, or any other medium you can think of. 3. Message sent. Here we have communicated our desire for wanting a car. 4. Message received. The person or perhaps target audience we wish to notify of our desire to have a car [perhaps a parental figure] has received our message. 5. Message decoded. They now must take what we have said and attempt to decode it. Now, â€Å"I want a car† is pretty straightforward, but remember, not everyone is as transparent as this, and this is the step where communication breakdown may occur as they may decode our message incorrectly. 6. Message understood. Hopefully the last step was effective and they understand what you were trying to communicate. Now the cycle can begin anew. Burnard and Morrison According to the Philip Burnard and Paul Morrison (1997), A lot of communication in care work involves building a relationship with the service user. This involves giving them emotional support which builds trust. They also argued that communication without caring for the person in some way would not be able to work. Service users that go through emotional issues i.e. A teenager being sexual abused by a youth worker, is often at first a difficult and sensitive issue to talk about has a social worker for example. Any difficult and sensitive issues should focus on the emotional needs of the service user rather than giving out advice and information that is not needed since it is not needed since the service user is already likely to be overwhelmed with grief. In health and social care setting, Professionals should always try be supportive within difficult situations since this will help would towards making effective communication start between the  professional and the service user. Tuckman The environment can affect how well a communication goes, if the environment is a distraction it can cause a conversation to not flow very well, however the environment could help create a cincerarion.

Mohandas Karamchand Mahatma Gandhi

â€Å"I am not a saint who has strayed in politics. I am a politician who is trying to become a saint. † Gandhi In the 1800†³s most of the cultures and ethnic groups in South Africa were treated with less respect than deserved. The Indians were forced into South Africa because of the British Empire expansion. These Indians, mostly poor, were in a system close to slavery. In South Africa the non-whites didn†t get very many job opportunities. In South Africa they had very few landholders, teachers, or businessmen who were non-whites. Most of the non-whites got their education in a mission and took up Christianity. The Colored people were a mix of different ethnics except black or white. These people were the 2nd largest group in South Africa. The Indians were mostly farmers, but some went on to do their education and became rich with their shops and warehouses. The British ruled the people in South Africa. In April of 1893, a lawyer by the name of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi came to South Africa on a business trip to take a case in an Indian Firm. Gandhi only intended on staying in South Africa for the case. Little did he know that it would change his life forever. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2nd 1869 in Porbander, Kaithiawad. He was born to Karamchand and Putibai Gandhi. Gandhi was the youngest son of his fathers† fourth wife. In 1876 Mohandas started Primary school. During this time Gandhi was betrothed to Kasturba, which his parents had to set up. Gandhi went on to high school tin Rajkot, named Alfred high school. As a school boy Gandhi was a shy person who never talked to any of his classmates, but in 1883 he was married to Kasturba. They were both 13. When Gandhi married he didn†t think anything of it, and thought it meant he could control his wife†s life. Kasturba was a little more controlling of her own life, and let Gandhi know when he stepped over the line. The tradition for youth marriages is very common for Hindus. Two years later on November 16th of 1885 Mohandas† life took a sudden turn when his father died, after by being ill for two years. Gandhi was not there when his father died; he had left moments before. In 1887 Gandhi applied to college, and got in at Samaldas College, but Gandhi found the studies hard and only stayed for one term.

Young Childrens Symbolic Behaviour Essays

Young Childrens Symbolic Behaviour Essays Young Childrens Symbolic Behaviour Essay Young Childrens Symbolic Behaviour Essay This assignment is about Young Childrens Symbolic Behaviour: theories of representation. It consists of an observational study carried out on one particular childs development in various areas of provision which supports mode of representation. I am however aware of the other forms of representational modes in the setting.  The summarised observations will be based on the weekly tasks which are clearly labelled in the appendix session. Before I move on to the main part of the essay, I will give a brief biography and reasons for choosing this particular child. I will move on to discuss different theorist research about representation and the implications of early childhood practices.  I will then make references in connection to the findings of the observations through the various forms of the childs representations. Photographs and samples of the childs form of representation will be included. I will demonstrate the role of the adult in this area throughout. This assignment will be concluded by demonstrating why it is important for all children regardless of who they are, to have the opportunities in representing themselves through various forms and media.  Symbolic Representation is whereby children represent their world and play in different and various ways such as language, feelings thoughts and understanding. According to Gardner (1983p304), during childhood children acquire certain basic understanding of symbolic activities and systems and which during school age, having achieved some basic competence in symbolization the child goes on to acquire higher level of skills in certain culturally valued domains. These symbolic behaviours and representation emerges as schemas during early childhood. Schema has been described as patterns of early repeatable behaviours Athey (1990p128). In observation 3(p15-16). Target child was demonstrating a high level of symbolic representation with actions. She performed these actions by putting food on a plate, pretend sprinkling salt on the food and offering it to the people (her peers) for lunch. This demonstrates Piagets notion that thought consists of internalized and co-ordinated actions schemas (Piaget 1959p357-386) in Athey (1990p128). Target child displayed transporting schema as well as pilling and moving food from one place to another as The Froebel Education Project termed as action representation of the dynamic aspects of object and events.. Nutbrown (1994) in Smidt, (1998p111) said the early years educator can, through observations identify the schematic interest and nourish it with worthwhile curriculum content The research of theorist such as Piaget, Bruner and Vygotsky has helped practitioners to explore presentation Bruce (1987p66). They also contributed towards the understanding and development of presentation and symbolic behaviours. Observation 2(p12-14) shows how target child represents her play symbolically by using her imagination of sitting on a donkey and riding it. This Piaget in Ginsbury Opper (1988p70) termed as appearance of the semionitic function which means children uses objects in representing something else which is not present. This observation also identifies Bruners enactive, iconic and symbolic mode of representation. Target child did replace the action with an image and used appropriate language in describing her play. Bruce (1987p66) Vygotsky on the other hand talked about the theory of actual development which links in to where target child initiated her own imaginary play without the help of an adult or peer Bruce (1987). Children represent themselves in various ways. Target childs preferred representation is mark making, which Matthews (2003p74) termed it as Visual representation and expression. Samples of these mark making can be found on (p24). Her representation in this observation (observation 4p19) reflects Matthews (2003pg27) idea about how first and second generation mark-making gestures are organised together and undergo transformation.